Publisher details
OECD
located at :
Paris
Related collections :
|
Available items(s) from this publisher (17)
Add the result to your basket Make a suggestion Refine your search Apply to external sources
Pharmaceutical use and expanditure for cardiovasular disease and stroke / Michael Dickson / Paris : OECD (2003)
Pharmaceutical use and expanditure for cardiovasular disease and stroke : a study of 12 OECD countries [printed text] / Michael Dickson, Author ; Stéphane Jacobzone, Author . - Paris : OECD, 2003 . - 78 p.. - (OECD health working papers; DELSA/ELSA/WD/HEA(2003)1) .
Languages : English (eng)
Descriptors: Classification
W 74 Medical economics. Health care costs (General)
Indexation
Cardiovascular diseases ; Comparative Study ; Drug Utilization ; Health Expenditures ; StrokeAbstract: 1. This study presents the results of a joint analysis of patterns of consumption, expenditure, and unit expenditure for a core set of drugs aimed at preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. The current study examines the relationships among three pharmaceutical variables (expenditure, volume of drug use, and unit expenditure) classified according to eight therapeutic categories which are specific for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and stroke. It covers an 11-year time period, and specifies relevant country-specific structural features in a sample of 12 OECD countries.
2. The data presented in this report show how the three descriptive pharmaceutical variables vary across these countries. The study also contains a preliminary exploration of factors associated with variation in these variables across countries and through time. Findings for each of the eight cardiovascular disease and stroke drug therapeutic categories investigated in this study are discussed in relationship to volume of use, expenditure, and unit expenditure to provide a basis for discussing the value of
pharmaceuticals. In addition, findings are presented for subcategories of cardiovascular drugs to better understand how more specific drug classifications affect the results.
3. The main finding is that cross-country variations in the use of less expensive effective drugs such as diuretics and betablockers seem to be related to "needs", as measured by the Ischaemic Heart Disease burden of disease. The pattern for newer, more expensive agents is more difficult to interpret. While expenditure is higher, it is not clear whether this is due to changing patterns of use, a perception of increased need, or a willingness to pay. Much of the increase appears to be in the serum lipid group which
has experienced rapid growth in utilisation recently. This may be due, at least in part, to increasing evidence that lowering serum lipid levels has benefits for segments of the population not previously treated.
4. Overall, the results show that use of “newer” pharmaceutical agents (calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and serum lipid reducers) is higher among those countries that spend a greater percentage of GDP on health. A range of factors could have contributed to these trends, including clinical judgement that the new compounds are more effective and marketing efforts which concentrate more on new in-patent products.
5. Beyond their descriptive value, the results invite a retrospective examination of the effect of different policies on pharmaceutical expenditure. Although policy and expenditure decisions on pharmaceuticals are ultimately qualitative judgements, they can, and should, be informed by better data. In particular, this study contributes to a better understanding of the underlying trends driving the increase in pharmaceutical expenditure.Contents note: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 4 -- SUMMARY 5 -- RESUME 6 -- INTRODUCTION 10 -- BACKGROUND 12 -- Purpose and limitations of drug utilisation studies. 12 -- Research on international comparisons of pharmaceutical consumption and expenditure. 13 -- DATA AND METHODS. 15 -- Data 15 -- Overview of pharmacotherapy for CVD and stroke. 18 -- Hospital drug use 20 -- RESULTS . 22 -- Trends in cardiovascular disease drug therapy from 1989 through 1999 23 -- Country comparisons of drug therapy for cardiovascular disease . 25 -- Special analysis of traditional antihypertensives (C02) and serum lipid reducers (C10) 26 -- Exploring factors that influence drug use . 28 -- Drug treatment for stroke 31 -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS 34 -- Antihypertensives 34 -- Serum lipid reducers . 35 -- Oral vitamin K antagonists 35 -- CONCLUSIONS 36 -- Herbal and homeopathic products. 42 -- The problem of combination products: establishing comparability. 43 -- Quantifying drug use. 44 -- Missing information 44 -- Print publications 46 -- Internet sites 47 -- FIGURES 48 -- Figure 1. Expenditure for traditional antihypertensives (C02). 48 -- Figure 2. Expenditure for diuretics (C03). 49 -- Figure 3. Expenditure for vasodilators (C04) . 49 -- Figure 4. Expenditure for beta blockers (C07) . 50 -- Figure 5. Expenditure for calcium channel blockers (C08) 50 -- Figure 6. Expenditure for ACE inhibitors (C09) 51 -- Figure 7. Expenditure for serum lipid reducers (C10) 51 -- Figure 8. Average expenditure for all countries . 52 -- Figure 9. Traditional antihypertensive consumption (C02) 52 -- Figure 10. Diuretic consumption (C03) 53 -- Figure 11. Vasodilator consumption (C04). 53 -- Figure 12. Beta blocker consumption (C07). 54 -- Figure 13. Calcium channel blocker consumption (C08). 54 -- Figure 14. ACE inhibitor consumption (C09) 55 -- Figure 15. Serum lipid reducer consumption (C10) . 55 -- Figure 16. Average consumption for all countries . 56 -- Figure 17. Unit expenditure for traditional antihypertensives (C02). 56 -- Figure 18. Unit expenditure for diuretics (C03) . 57 -- Figure 19. Unit expenditure for vasodilators (C04) 57 -- Figure 20. Unit expenditure for beta blockers (C07) 58 -- Figure 21. Unit expenditure for calcium channel blockers (C08) 58 -- Figure 22. Unit expenditure for ACE inhibitors (C09). 59 -- Figure 23. Unit expenditure for serum lipid reducers (C10) 59 -- Figure 24. Average unit expenditure for all countries 60 -- Figure 25. Aggregate trend in consumption and expenditure 60 -- Figure 26. Trend in expenditure by drug category (1989 to 1999) 61 -- Figure 27. Trend in drug consumption by category (1989 to 1999) 61 -- Figure 28. Trend in unit expenditure by category (1989 to 1999) . 62 -- Figure 29. Trend in drug characteristics (1989-1999) 62 -- Figure 30. Traditional antihypertensive (C02) consumption by subcategories. 63 -- Figure 31. Trend in consumption for traditional antihypertensive (C02) subcategories (1989-1999) . 63 -- Figure 32. Serum lipid reducer (C10) consumption by subcategory . 64 -- Figure 33. Statin consumption by country 64 -- Figure 34. Cardiovascular drug consumption and population age structure (1989 and 1999) . 65 -- Figure 35. Diuretic (C03) consumption and population age structure (1989 and 1999). 65 -- Figure 36. ACE inhibitor (C09) consumption and population age structure (1989 and 1999). 66 -- Figure 37. Serum lipid reducer (C10) consumption and population age structure (1989 and 1999) . 66 -- Figure 38. Cardiovascular drug consumption and national income (1989 and 1999). 67 -- Figure 39. Diuretic (C03) consumption and national income (1989 and 1999) 67 -- Figure 40. ACE inhibitor (C09) consumption and national income (1989 and 1999) 68 -- Figure 41. Serum lipid reducer (C10) consumption and national income (1989 and 1999). 68 -- Figure 42. Cardiovascular drug consumption and health spending (1989 and 1999). 69 -- Figure 43. Cardiovascular drug therapies and health expenditure (1989) . 69 -- Figure 44. Cardiovascular drug therapies and health spending (1997) 70 -- Figure 45. Mortality rate. 70 -- Figure 46. Cardiovascular drug consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) 71 -- Figure 47. Antihypertensive (C02) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) 71 -- Figure 48. Diuretic (C03) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) . 72 -- Figure 49. Vasodilator (C04) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) . 72 -- Figure 50. Beta blocker (C07) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) 73 -- Figure 51. Calcium channel blocker (C08) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) 73 -- Figure 52. ACE inhibitor (C09) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) . 74 -- Figure 53. Serum lipid reducer (C10) consumption and mortality (1989 and 1997) 74 -- Figure 54. Expenditure for vitamin K antagonists (B01AA) . 75 -- Figure 55. Vitamin K antagonists consumption (B01AA). 75 -- Figure 56. Unit expenditure for vitamin K antagonist (B01AA) . 76 -- Figure 57. Vitamin K antagonist (B01AA) consumption and population age structure (1989 and 1999). 76 -- Figure 58. Vitamin K antagonist (B01AA) consumption and national income (1989 and 1999) 77 -- Figure 59. Anticoagulant (B01AA) consumption and health expenditure (1989 and 1997) 77 -- Boxes -- BOX: Indicators used in the analysis 22 Link for e-copy: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/8/2502315.pdf Record link: https://kce.docressources.info/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1310 Hold
Place a hold on this item
Copies(1)
Barcode Call number Media type Location Section Status 10273-00295 W 74/DIC Report KCE Library (10.124) Available Revised Field of Science and Technology (FOS) Classification in the Frascati manual / Paris : OECD (2007)
Revised Field of Science and Technology (FOS) Classification in the Frascati manual [printed text] . - Paris : OECD, 2007 . - 12 p. : ill;, ; A4.
ISSN : DSTI/EAS/STP/NESTI(2006)19 : €
Languages : English (eng)
Descriptors: Classification
T 14 Technology (general) - Philosophy.Theory. Classification. Mehodology
Indexation
Classification ; Science ; TechnologyAbstract: The review of the field of science and technology (FOS) classification was discussed several times in
the framework of the last revision of the Frascati Manual (FM). In particular, it was felt at the time that the
FOS classification, the most appropriate classification for R&D in the public sector, needed to be reexamined
in order to reflect the latest changes in the science and technology area, especially with regard to
emerging technology fields such as ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnologyLink for e-copy: http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/38235147.pdf Format of e-copy: PDF (169 Kb) Record link: https://kce.docressources.info/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3397 Copies(0)
Status No copy