International comparison of COVID-19 testing and contact tracing strategies [printed text] / Vicky Jespers  , Author ; Ana Hoxha, Author ; Justien Cornelis , Author ; Lieven De Raedt, Author ; Chris De Laet , Author ; Dominique Roberfroid , Author ; Sophie Gerkens , Author . - Brussels [Belgium] : KCE = Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg = Centre Fédéral d'Expertise des Soins de Santé = Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, 2020 . - 168 p. : ill., ; A4. - ( COVID-19 – KCE CONTRIBUTIONS, ISSN 2684-5830) . ISSN : D/2020/10.2733/14 : € 0,00 Languages : English ( eng)
| Descriptors: |
Indexation
Belgium ; Contact Tracing ; COVID-19 [Supplementary Concept]
Classification
WA 110 Prevention and control of communicable diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases
|
| Abstract: |
Testing and tracing are key elements that enable to identify COVID-19 cases, find their contacts and stop the transmission of infection. The process also allows to detect asymptomatic and mild symptomatic cases early. In summary both interventions are strongly intertwined as a control strategy for early control and avoidance of a resurgence of the epidemic.
On June 10th while the number of new hospitalisations related to COVID-19 was declining, newly confirmed cases indicated that community transmission was still ongoing in Belgium. The Belgian Risk Management Group (RMG) was interested to learn about international strategies in preparation for a second COVID-19 wave. This project provides a structured comparison of the contact tracing and testing strategy in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and The Netherlands. It summarises the policies adopted in these countries and their implementation in order to provide advice to the RMG and international health authorities based on international experience. |
| Contents note: |
1 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 9 -- 2 OBJECTIVE 9 -- 3 METHODS 10 -- 4 OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMICS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES 10 -- 5 DEFINITIONS 13 -- 5.1 POPULATION AT RISK FOR SEVERE COVID-19 ILLNESS 13 -- 5.2 COVID-19 CASE DEFINITION 13 -- 5.3 TESTING 14 -- 5.3.1 Strategy 14 -- 5.3.2 Type of test 14 -- 5.4 CONTACTING AND TRACING / CONTACT IDENTIFICATION 15 -- 6 COMPARISON 16 -- 6.1 TESTING STRATEGY 16 -- 6.1.1 Symptomatic persons 16 -- 6.1.2 Asymptomatic persons 16 -- 6.1.3 Laboratory organisation 16 -- 6.1.4 Communication towards the patient 17 -- 6.2 SURVEILLANCE STRATEGY 23 -- 6.3 TRACING STRATEGY 26 -- 6.3.1 Organisation of contact tracing 26 -- 6.3.2 Monitoring of contact tracing 27 -- 6.3.3 The use of contact tracing APPs 27 -- 6.4 ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE STRATEGIES 31 -- 6.4.1 Isolation strategies 37 -- 6.4.2 Quarantine strategies 40 -- 6.4.3 Monitoring of compliance 40 -- 6.5 OUTBREAK DETECTION AND CONTROL STRATEGIES 40 -- 6.5.1 Surveillance systems 40 -- 6.5.2 Systematic testing in nursing homes and high risk groups 41 -- 6.5.3 Outbreak or cluster identification and investigation 41 -- 7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 47 -- 7.1 HAVING A NATIONAL TESTING AND TRACING PLAN ADAPTED TO THE SPREAD OF THE EPIDEMIC 47 -- 7.2 AN ATTENTION ON STOCKS AS WELL AS ON LABORATORY CAPACITY AND RAPIDITY 48 -- 7.3 A RAPID INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE AND OUTBREAK DETECTION 48 -- 7.4 A FOCUS ON MONITORING OF NURSING HOMES OR SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 48 -- 7.5 AN APPLICATION TO IMPROVE CONTACT TRACING? 49 -- 7.6 MEASURES FOR RECALCITRANT PEOPLE AND AN INCREASED MONITORING 49 -- 7.7 STUDY LIMITATIONS 49 -- 7.8 CONCLUSION 50 -- APPENDIX 51 -- 1 RESULTS FOR BELGIUM 51 -- 1.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 51 -- 1.2 TESTING STRATEGY 53 -- 1.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 53 -- 1.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 56 -- 1.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 58 -- 1.2.4 Laboratory capacity 59 -- 1.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 61 -- 1.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 61 -- 1.2.7 How is testing reimbursed 62 -- 1.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 63 -- 1.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 63 -- 1.3.2 Confirmed cases 63 -- 1.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 64 -- 1.4.1 Contact definition 64 -- 1.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 66 -- 1.4.3 Testing of contacts 68 -- 1.4.4 Contact tracing Apps 68 -- 1.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 69 -- 1.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 70 -- 1.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 70 -- 1.6.2 Identification of clusters 70 -- 1.6.3 In hospitals 70 -- 1.6.4 In nursing homes and other collective residential facilities 71 -- 1.6.5 In schools 72 -- 1.6.6 Precarious population 73 -- 1.7 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 73 -- 2 RESULTS FOR DENMARK 75 -- 2.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 75 -- 2.2 TESTING STRATEGY 75 -- 2.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 75 -- 2.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 76 -- 2.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 77 -- 2.2.4 Laboratory capacity 77 -- 2.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 77 -- 2.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 78 -- 2.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 78 -- 2.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 79 -- 2.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 79 -- 2.3.2 Confirmed cases 79 -- 2.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 79 -- 2.4.1 Contact definition 79 -- 2.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 80 -- 2.4.3 Testing of contacts 80 -- 2.4.4 Contact tracing Apps 81 -- 2.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 81 -- 2.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 81 -- 2.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 81 -- 2.6.2 Identification of clusters 82 -- 2.6.3 In hospitals 82 -- 2.6.4 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 82 -- 2.6.5 In schools 83 -- 2.6.6 Precarious population 83 -- 2.7 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 84 -- 3 RESULTS FOR FRANCE 85 -- 3.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 85 -- 3.2 TESTING STRATEGY 87 -- 3.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 87 -- 3.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 87 -- 3.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 88 -- 3.2.4 Laboratory capacity 88 -- 3.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 89 -- 3.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 89 -- 3.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 90 -- 3.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 91 -- 3.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 91 -- 3.3.2 Confirmed cases 91 -- 3.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 92 -- 3.4.1 Contact definition 92 -- 3.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 93 -- 3.4.3 Testing of contacts 94 -- 3.4.4 Contact tracing apps 94 -- 3.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 95 -- 3.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 96 -- 3.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 96 -- 3.6.2 Identification of clusters 97 -- 3.6.3 In hospitals 98 -- 3.6.4 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 98 -- 3.6.5 In schools 99 -- 3.6.6 Precarious populations 100 -- 3.7 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 100 -- 4 RESULTS FOR GERMANY 101 -- 4.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 101 -- 4.2 TESTING STRATEGY 101 -- 4.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 101 -- 4.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 102 -- 4.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 102 -- 4.2.4 Laboratory capacity 103 -- 4.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 103 -- 4.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 103 -- 4.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 104 -- 4.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 104 -- 4.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 104 -- 4.3.2 Confirmed cases 105 -- 4.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 105 -- 4.4.1 Contact definition 105 -- 4.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 107 -- 4.4.3 Testing of contacts 108 -- 4.4.4 Contact tracing Apps 108 -- 4.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 109 -- 4.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 110 -- 4.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 110 -- 4.6.2 Identification of clusters 110 -- 4.7.1 In hospitals 111 -- 4.7.2 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 111 -- 4.7.3 In schools 111 -- 4.7.4 Precarious population 112 -- 4.8 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 112 -- 5 RESULTS FOR ITALY 113 -- 5.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 113 -- 5.2 TESTING STRATEGY 114 -- 5.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 114 -- 5.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 115 -- 5.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 116 -- 5.2.4 Laboratory capacity 116 -- 5.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 117 -- 5.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 117 -- 5.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 118 -- 5.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 118 -- 5.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 118 -- 5.4.1 Confirmed cases 119 -- 5.5 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 119 -- 5.5.1 Contact definition 119 -- 5.5.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 120 -- 5.5.3 Testing of contacts 121 -- 5.5.4 Contact tracing Apps 121 -- 5.6 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 122 -- 5.7 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 123 -- 5.7.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 123 -- 5.7.2 Identification of clusters 123 -- 5.7.3 In hospitals 123 -- 5.7.4 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 124 -- 5.7.5 In schools 124 -- 5.7.6 Precarious population 124 -- 5.8 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 125 -- 6 RESULTS FOR SPAIN 126 -- 6.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 126 -- 6.2 TESTING STRATEGY 127 -- 6.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 127 -- 6.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 127 -- 6.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 128 -- 6.2.4 Laboratory capacity 130 -- 6.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 131 -- 6.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 131 -- 6.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 132 -- 6.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 133 -- 6.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 133 -- 6.3.2 Confirmed cases 133 -- 6.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 135 -- 6.4.1 Contact definition 135 -- 6.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 136 -- 6.4.3 Testing of contacts 136 -- 6.4.4 Contact tracing apps 136 -- 6.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 138 -- 6.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 140 -- 6.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 140 -- 6.6.2 Identification of clusters 140 -- 6.6.3 In hospitals 142 -- 6.6.4 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 142 -- 6.6.5 In schools 143 -- 6.6.6 Precarious population 145 -- 6.7 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 146 -- 7 RESULTS FOR THE NETHERLANDS 147 -- 7.1 EXISTENCE OF A PLAN TO PREVENT THE SECOND WAVE 147 -- 7.2 TESTING STRATEGY 147 -- 7.2.1 Indications for PCR testing 147 -- 7.2.2 PCR testing conditions: how and by whom? 148 -- 7.2.3 Indications and conditions for serological testing 149 -- 7.2.4 Laboratory capacity 149 -- 7.2.5 Communication of test results to the patient 150 -- 7.2.6 Recording and surveillance of test results 151 -- 7.2.7 How is testing reimbursed? 152 -- 7.3 ISOLATION STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONFIRMED CASES 152 -- 7.3.1 Suspected cases (having symptoms) 152 -- 7.3.2 Confirmed cases 154 -- 7.4 CONTACT TRACING STRATEGY 154 -- 7.4.1 Contact definition 154 -- 7.4.2 Organisational process of contact tracing 155 -- 7.4.3 Testing of contacts 156 -- 7.4.4 Contact tracing Apps 157 -- 7.5 QUARANTINE STRATEGIES AND MONITORING OF CONTACTS 158 -- 7.6 EARLY CASE DETECTION METHODS 162 -- 7.6.1 Surveillance based indicators used to detect early cases 162 -- 7.6.2 Identification of clusters 163 -- 7.6.3 In hospitals 163 -- 7.6.4 In nursing homes and other collective facilities 163 -- 7.6.5 In schools 163 -- 7.6.6 Precarious population 167 -- 7.7 COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF TESTING AND TRACING 167 |
| Link for e-copy: |
https://kce.fgov.be/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2020-56_COVID-19_internation [...] |
| Format of e-copy: |
PDF (3,6 Mb) |
| Record link: |
https://kce.docressources.info/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4686 |
|  |
Add the result to your basket Make a suggestion Refine your search Apply to external sourcesAerosol-generating procedures / Brussels [Belgium] : KCE = Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg = Centre Fédéral d'Expertise des Soins de Santé = Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (2020)
